Definition of cross-cultural studies; evolution of cross cultural studies on gender issues; history and development of cross-cultural studies; theoretical issues in cross cultural studies; methodological approaches and principles; evolution of sex and gender differences in human evolution; cross-cultural constructions of sex and gender attributes; roles and relations; enculturation and socialization cross-culturally; gender, sexuality, marital and property rights; gender and divinity; gender and religious practices and cultural values; gender, social control and conflict resolution.