This course is intended to equip the learner with the prerequisite knowledge of normal anatomy as seen in cross-sectional sonographic images of the body, scanning planes and terminologies.


This course is intended to equip the learner with essential knowledge of common pathologies affecting the abdominal organs and interpretation of sonographic images.

At the end of this course the learner should be able to:

1.     Identify common pathologies of the liver, spleen, kidneys, pancreas, biliary system, bowel and abdominal cavity.

2.     Interpret acquired diagnostic sonographic images

3.     Prepare an appropriate report and differential diagnoses.



This course outlines the physical basis of ultrasonography, image production and artifacts, the strengths and limitations of ultrasound, the hazards of ultrasound and precautions to be taken. The aim is to ensure the learner acquires the requisite knowledge of physics for effective use of ultrasound.


This course enables the learner to identify the artifacts that occur during ultrasound imaging, how to interpret the useful ones and how to eliminate the non-useful ones.